Recent Customer Case Studies

AFFF Stockpiles

Disposal of concentrated AFFF is a challenge due to mounting technical and regulatory concerns. Historically, AFFF concentrates have been incinerated, but recently the DoD released a temporary moratorium on the incineration of AFFF.

We recently partnered with an AFB to treat AFFF concentrates. For the full range of PFAS measured, >99.99% of PFAS was destroyed.
Untreated
(ppm)
HALT Treated
(ppm)
PFOS
26,200
0.06
PFOA
268
0.009
PFHxS
4,380
0.5
PFHpS
563
0.006
PFBS
438
0.3
PFHxA
241
0.003
Total PFAS
32,830
1.3
40 PFAS analytes measured.

Fire Training Pond

AFFF used for fire training accumulates in pit water on-site. This results in high concentrations of PFAS, large treatment volumes, and other water quality parameters impacting treatment.

We recently partnered with an airport to conduct a continuous pilot study for treating fire training pit water. For the full range of PFAS measured, >99.91% of PFAS was destroyed.
Untreated
(ppb)
HALT Treated
(ppb)
PFOS
1,045
1.4
PFOA
414
0.01
PFHxS
240
0.5
PFHpS
19
0.04
PFBS
59
0.1
PFHxA
94
0.015
Total PFAS
2,424
2.3
28 PFAS analytes measured.

Landfill Leachate and Soil

We recently treated both raw leachate and a foam fractionate from in-situ soil treatment.

For the full range of PFAS measured, >99.8% of PFAS was destroyed in the raw leachate and >98.9% was destroyed in the fractionate.
Untreated
(ppb)
HALT Treated
(ppb)
PFOS
8,060
137
PFOA
1,256
7
PFHxS
3,140
22
PFHpS
236
3.6
PFBS
45
2.3
PFHxA
134
1.3
Total PFAS
18,101
182
28 PFAS analytes measured. Data provided above from foam fractionate sample.
metrics

Peer Reviewed Studies

Scientific publications continue to affirm that hydrothermal treatment is effective and safe.

Degradation and Defluorination of Ultra Short-, Short-, and Long-Chain PFASs in High Total Dissolved Solids Solutions by Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment─Closing the Fluorine Mass Balance

Pinkard et al.
2024
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Hydrothermal Destruction and Defluorination of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA)

Austin et al.
2024
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Destruction of PFAS in AFFF-impacted fire training pit water, with a continuous hydrothermal alkaline treatment reactor

Pinkard et al.
2023
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Application of Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment to Spent Granular Activated Carbon: Destruction of Adsorbed PFASs and Adsorbent Regeneration

Soker et al.
2023
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Application of Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Groundwater and Soil

Hao et al.
2022
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Review: Hydrothermal treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Li et al.
2021
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Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam

Hao et al.
2021
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Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Treatment under Alkaline Hydrothermal Conditions

Pinkard
2021
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Rapid Destruction and Defluorination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate by Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction

Wu et al.
2019
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